Wozniak's insistence on eight expansion slots for the Apple II, against Jobs's preference for two, created a third-party ecosystem that drove sales. This open architecture's success funded the company, enabling the development of Jobs's later closed-system products.

Successful bootstrapping isn't just about saving money; it's a deliberate capital accumulation strategy. By consciously avoiding status-driven purchases for an extended period, entrepreneurs can build a war chest to invest in assets that generate real wealth, like a business, giving them a significant long-term advantage.

Startups often fail by making a slightly better version of an incumbent's product. This is a losing strategy because the incumbent can easily adapt. The key is to build something so fundamentally different in structure that competitors have a very hard time copying it, ensuring a durable advantage.

Founders often start scrappy out of necessity and dream of lavish resources. However, once successful, many realize that small, lean, and scrappy teams are more effective. This creates a paradox where the most successful entrepreneurs intentionally revert to the resource-constrained mindset they once tried to escape.

Driven by a philosophy that engineering is the highest calling, Steve Wozniak never wanted to manage people or run a company. His primary motivation was to stay a hands-on engineer at the bottom of the org chart, a counter-cultural mindset that shaped his design choices and his relationship with Apple.

Wozniak firmly believed that revolutionary products are not invented by committees. He advised inventors to work alone, comparing the process to art. This solitary approach, free from corporate bureaucracy and marketing-driven compromises, allows for the creation of truly novel designs without dilution.

Wozniak believed patience, not just intellect, was his core engineering skill. He learned this through years of gradual, step-by-step learning in childhood projects. This allowed him to focus on perfecting each stage of a design, avoiding the common pitfall of trying to skip intermediate steps.

Society celebrates figures like Edison for the 'idea' of the lightbulb, but his real breakthrough was in manufacturing a practical version. Similarly, Elon Musk's genius is arguably in revolutionizing manufacturing to lower space travel costs, a feat of logistics often overlooked in favor of visionary narratives.