An unexpected side effect of replacing human managers with "faceless AI systems" is the rise of collective action. When gig workers and others are managed by impersonal algorithms, it fosters solidarity against a common, non-human adversary, leading them to form unions and activist groups to reclaim human agency.
AI systems from companies like Meta and OpenAI rely on a vast, unseen workforce of data labelers in developing nations. These communities perform the crucial but low-paid labor that powers modern AI, yet they are often the most marginalized and least likely to benefit from the technology they help build.
The promise of "techno-solutionism" falls flat when AI is applied to complex social issues. An AI project in Argentina meant to predict teen pregnancy simply confirmed that poverty was the root cause—a conclusion that didn't require invasive data collection and that technology alone could not fix, exposing the limits of algorithmic intervention.
The concept of data colonialism—extracting value from a population's data—is no longer limited to the Global South. It now applies to creative professionals in Western countries whose writing, music, and art are scraped without consent to build generative AI systems, concentrating wealth and power in the hands of a few tech firms.
For a blueprint on AI governance, look to Cold War-era geopolitics, not just tech history. The 1967 UN Outer Space Treaty, which established cooperation between the US and Soviet Union, shows that global compromise on new frontiers is possible even amidst intense rivalry. It provides a model for political, not just technical, solutions.