Putin's desire to continue the war outweighs any potential benefits offered in negotiations. This persistence is not based on a reasonable assessment of the situation but on sunk costs, personal legacy, and a belief that Russia's sheer will can outlast Western support.
Despite perceived advantages, Russia's military performance in 2025 was poor. It achieved only incremental gains at the cost of soaring casualties, pushing their manpower losses beyond recruitment rates. This trend suggests that time is increasingly working against Moscow's ability to sustain offensive operations.
Contrary to the notion of automated warfare, the proliferation of drones is highly manpower-intensive. It requires dedicated units for operation, maintenance, and countering enemy drones. Relying solely on technology creates a single point of failure and doesn't eliminate the need for robust force generation and management.
The most significant challenge to a lasting peace is not agreeing on territorial lines but on the implementation sequence. Debates over whether a ceasefire, troop withdrawal, security guarantees, or referendums should come first create complex logistical and trust issues that could easily cause a deal to collapse.
Persistent diplomatic efforts and speculation about a looming end to the war have a detrimental effect on the Ukrainian military. This creates uncertainty that discourages enlistment and harms morale, as potential recruits question the need to join a conflict that might soon be settled by external powers.
Ukraine's most realistic theory of success is not reclaiming all territory militarily, but leveraging its advantages to stabilize the front and inflict unsustainable casualties and economic costs on Russia. This strategy aims to make the war so futile for Moscow that it forces a favorable negotiated settlement.
Critics of the pace of Western aid often fall for a 'magic wand' theory, failing to appreciate the immense, time-consuming effort required to build the entire security assistance enterprise. This includes logistics, training pipelines, and maintenance systems, which cannot be created overnight.
The decision by Elon Musk to restrict Russian use of Starlink terminals is a significant factor in the war. It directly degrades Russia's tactical command and control, situational awareness, and ability to employ certain types of drones and unmanned ground vehicles, forcing them to adapt to less efficient communication methods.
A hastily constructed peace deal that stalls during implementation would create a 'neither war nor peace' scenario. This state of limbo would benefit Russia in the near term, as Ukraine would face pressure to demobilize and struggle with investment uncertainty, while Russia could maintain its military posture.