Contrary to the view of a monolithic state, China's economic strength comes from intense competition between its provinces. This hyper-local market forces companies to become incredibly resilient, and only the strongest, like BYD, survive to dominate globally.
A major cultural shift has occurred in China. Consumers have moved from coveting foreign brands like Starbucks and Apple as status symbols to proudly supporting domestic champions. This is driven by both national pride in local innovation and better value.
The US government's demand for TikTok to store American user data on US servers is identical to the policy China has long required of foreign tech companies. This rule is why platforms like Facebook, which refused to comply, are unavailable in China.
Apple's manufacturing presence in China is not driven by cost savings. According to CEO Tim Cook, it is driven by the unparalleled scale of the country's skilled "tooling engineers"—a talent pool he claims would be impossible to assemble in the United States.
By releasing powerful, open-source AI models, China may be strategically commoditizing software. This undermines the primary advantage of US tech giants like Microsoft and Google, while bolstering China's own dominance in hardware manufacturing and robotics.
While the focus is on chips and algorithms, the real long-term constraint for US AI dominance is its aging and stagnant power grid. In contrast, China's massive, ongoing investments in renewable and nuclear energy are creating a strategic advantage to power future data centers.
The US ban on selling Nvidia's most advanced AI chips to China backfired. It forced China to accelerate its domestic chip industry, with companies like Huawei now producing competitive alternatives, ultimately reducing China's reliance on American technology.
China's greatest asset in the AI race is its human capital. It produces the world's largest number of STEM graduates, creating a deep talent pool of engineers and scientists that makes it a formidable, long-term competitor to the United States.
China's leadership consists primarily of engineers who implement strategic, multi-year plans for infrastructure and technology. This contrasts sharply with the US, where a government of lawyers navigates short-term election cycles, hindering long-term national projects.
Sam Altman famously laughed off the idea that a new venture could compete with OpenAI. Soon after, China's DeepSeek emerged, developing a comparable, and in some cases superior, AI model on a shoestring budget, proving incumbency and capital aren't insurmountable moats.
In China, the domestic version of TikTok (Douyin) limits users under 18 to 60 minutes of screen time per day, enforced via mandatory real-name ID registration. This represents a form of authoritarian social engineering that many Western parents might paradoxically welcome.