A lesson from jazz improvisation is to listen on two channels simultaneously: keep "one ear on your head" (your own thoughts) and put "the other ear over on the piano" (the group). This means paying attention not just to the person speaking, but to the entire "ensemble" of group communication and dynamics.
The first step to better meetings is asking "should we have this meeting at all?" By eliminating purely informational meetings, you prevent the formation of norms like disengagement and silence. This makes it more likely that when a collaborative meeting is necessary, team members will actively participate.
Creating an environment where people feel safe to speak up requires more than just asking for it. Leaders must actively model the desired behavior. This includes admitting their own mistakes, asking questions they worry might be "dumb," and framing their own actions as experiments to show that learning and failure are acceptable.
A successful team launch requires three distinct actions: 1) establishing a vivid, imaginable goal (like JFK's "man on the moon"), 2) setting explicit norms for communication channels and response times, and 3) clarifying each member's individual responsibilities before the next meeting.
Behaviors established in the very first meeting—like where people sit, who speaks first, and how much they contribute—tend to become permanent norms. This makes the initial formation period a critical, high-leverage opportunity to intentionally shape a group's culture for success, rather than letting it form by accident.
Research shows task performance peaks in groups of three to seven people. However, team members themselves feel groups are "just right" when they have four or five members. This provides a clear, data-backed guideline for composing effective teams and avoiding oversized, unproductive meetings.