From China's perspective, producing more than it needs and exporting at cutthroat prices is a strategic tool, not an economic problem. This form of industrial warfare is designed to weaken other nations' manufacturing bases, prioritizing geopolitical goals over profit.

The strategic competition with China is often viewed through a high-tech military lens, but its true power lies in dominating the low-tech supply chain. China can cripple other economies by simply withholding basic components like nuts, bolts, and screws, proving that industrial basics are a key geopolitical weapon.

China is leveraging its 90% control over rare earth processing not just against the US, but globally. By requiring licenses from any company worldwide, it creates a chokehold on high-tech manufacturing and establishes a new template for economic coercion.

Following US policy moves, China is likely to expand its use of export controls on critical materials. Silver, essential for EVs, solar panels, and AI data centers, has been added to its list, signaling a willingness to leverage its supply chain dominance as a geopolitical tool against rivals.

While headlines focus on advanced chips, China’s real leverage comes from its strategic control over less glamorous but essential upstream inputs like rare earths and magnets. It has even banned the export of magnet-making technology, creating critical, hard-to-solve bottlenecks for Western manufacturing.

When a company's patented technology becomes essential to an international standard (like 5G), it creates a chokepoint. The US leveraged this by imposing export controls on American firms like Qualcomm, preventing Chinese companies like ZTE from legally building standard-compliant cell phones globally.

China is restricting exports of essential rare earth minerals and EV battery manufacturing equipment. This is a strategic move to protect its global dominance in these critical industries, leveraging the fact that other countries have outsourced environmentally harmful mining to them for decades.

China is blocking NVIDIA's H200 chips despite US approval. This isn't just protectionism; it's a strategic move to show they can survive without US tech, support domestic champions like Huawei, and pressure NVIDIA to lobby for access to sell even more advanced chips to the Chinese market.

Geopolitical shifts mean a company's country of origin heavily influences its market access and tariff burdens. This "corporate nationality" creates an uneven playing field, where a business's location can instantly become a massive advantage or liability compared to competitors.