To manage anxiety while speaking, adopt the 'One Idea, One Breath' model. The key is to make your out-breath significantly longer than your in-breath while delivering a single idea. This extended exhalation activates your parasympathetic nervous system, lowering your heart rate.

To quickly find and engage your deep, supportive breath, apply physical resistance. Pushing your hands against a desk or a wall while standing naturally forces your breath lower into the abdomen. This simple physical hack activates the correct breathing muscles, providing immediate stability and power for your voice.

Your voice has limited stamina. To project consistently during a long presentation, you must train it beforehand. Practice by reading out loud for progressively longer durations (e.g., 5-10 minutes daily) to build the necessary vocal endurance, just as a runner trains for a race.

Deep belly breathing, with a focus on a long exhalation, slows the autonomic nervous system and calms physical symptoms of anxiety like a shaky voice. It's a physiological hack to manage the fight-or-flight response.

Filler words like "um" and "uh" are often uttered on an exhale with residual air. To break this habit, practice ending your sentences completely out of breath. This physiological constraint forces you to inhale before speaking again, which naturally inserts a powerful pause instead of a filler word.

When you constantly self-monitor your thoughts while speaking, it results in clipped phrases and short breaths. To counter this, consciously elongate the vowels in your words. This 'chanting' or 'intoning' forces a smoother, more controlled breath and creates a more confident vocal delivery.

Speaking anxiety often stems from fearing future negative outcomes. To combat this, engage in activities that require immediate focus, such as saying tongue twisters. This not only forces you into the present moment but also serves as a practical vocal warm-up, a step many speakers neglect.

The counterintuitive advice 'if in doubt, breathe out' is powerful. Focusing on a full, elongated exhalation not only activates your calming nervous system but also ensures a natural, reflexive inhale will follow. You don't need to consciously gasp for air; your body will handle the in-breath automatically.

To manage public speaking anxiety, communication expert Matt Abrahams advises focusing on deep belly breathing where your exhale is twice as long as your inhale. Just two or three of these breaths can slow your nervous system, lower your heart rate, and normalize your voice, providing an immediate calming effect.